Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Unklare Neubildungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich erfordern im klinischen Alltag häufig eine
Histologiegewinnung zur Diagnosesicherung und Therapieplanung. Während offene Biopsieverfahren
invasiv sind und nicht selten eine Vollnarkose erfordern, ist die weit verbreitete
minimal-invasive Feinnadelaspirationszytologie mit einer hohen Rate falsch-negativer
oder wenig aussagekräftiger Proben verbunden. Die Grobnadelinzisionsbiopsie (GNB)
ist als aussagekräftiges Biopsieverfahren außerhalb des Kopf-Hals-Bereiches etabliert,
hat aber in der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde bisher wenig Beachtung gefunden. Patienten und Methode: Im Zeitraum von April 2003 bis Mai 2007 führten wir bei 143 Patienten mit unklaren
Neubildungen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich insgesamt 307 GNBs mit sog. „side-notch”-Nadeln
der Größe 12 bis 16 Gauge durch. Ergebnisse: Von allen Patienten konnten wir qualitativ hochwertige Biopsiezylinder ohne Artefakte
für die histopathologische Untersuchung gewinnen. Das Zielgewebe wurde bei 132 von
143 Patienten korrekt getroffen; bei diesen Patienten betrug die Sensitivität bzw.
Genauigkeit zur sicheren Diagnostik maligner Neubildungen 98,9 % bzw. 99,2 %. Schlussfolgerung: Die sonografisch gesteuerte GNB im Kopf-Hals-Bereich ist eine zuverlässige und sichere
Biopsiemethode mit hoher diagnostischer Aussagekraft, welche sich mit geringem Zeit-
und Personalaufwand ambulant durchführen lässt. Der Anwender sollte fundierte Kenntnisse
in der topografischen Kopf-Hals-Anatomie und Sonografie dieser Körperregion besitzen.
Abstract
Background: Lymphadenopathies and unclear masses in the head and neck often require tissue sampling
to establish a diagnosis and to guide therapy. Open biopsy and lymph node excision
is invasive and may entail general anaesthesia. Fine needle aspiration cytology is
minimal-invasive and widely used but includes a high rate of non diagnostic samples
and false negative results. Cutting needle biopsy is an established technique outside
the head and neck but has found little attention among otorhinolaryngologists up to
now. Patients and Methods: Between April 2003 and May 2007 we performed a total of 307 cutting-needle biopsies
in 143 patients with unclear cervicofacial masses, using side-notch-needles with a
diameter of 12 – 16 Gauge. Results: High-quality tissue cores without crushing artefacts for histopathological studies
were obtained without complications from all patients. The target tissue was obtained
in 132 of 143 patients, in these cases the sensitivity and accuracy rate for the diagnosis
of malignant lesions was 98.9 % and 99.2 %, respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided Cutting-needle biopsy in the head and neck is a safe and reliable
biopsy tool with an excellent diagnostic efficacy, which can be performed as an outpatient
procedure with low expenditure of time and manpower. Performing the procedure requires
substantiated experience in topographic head and neck anatomy as well as sonography
of this body region.
Schlüsselwörter
Grobnadelbiopsie - Sonografie - Kopf-Hals-Tumoren - Lymphome - Biopsieverfahren
Key words
core-needle biopsy - ultrasonography - lymphoma - head and neck neoplasms - biopsy
techniques
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1 Auszugsweise vorgetragen auf der 78. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft
für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie in München 2007.
Prof. Dr. med. Gerd Jürgen Ridder
Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Poliklinik
Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
Killianstraße 5
79106 Freiburg
Email: ridder@hno.ukl.uni-freiburg.de